How to Optimize a System for 1 Million Concurrent Users

To keep your system running smoothly when millions of users access it at the same time, a Software Architect needs to consider many factors. Below is a comprehensive checklist of bottlenecks and optimization solutions to ensure your system is always ready for high traffic. 1. Bottleneck from monolith architecture All logic and resources are bundled together → difficult to scale Solutions: Switch to microservices Make services stateless to allow horizontal scaling Add an API Gateway (rate-limiting, circuit breaker) Use a service mesh (Istio, Linkerd) if observability is needed 2. DB bottleneck due to too many direct queries 1 million users can generate tens of millions of DB queries Solutions: ...

April 16, 2025

How to optimize a Spring Boot Application to Handle 1M Requests/Second

Scaling a Spring Boot application to handle 1 million requests per second might sound like an impossible feat, but with the right strategies, it’s absolutely achievable. Here’s how I did it: 1. Understand Your Bottlenecks Before optimizing, I conducted a thorough performance analysis using tools like JProfiler and New Relic. This helped identify key issues: High response times for certain APIs. Database queries taking too long. Thread contention in critical parts of the application. ...

February 20, 2025